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The patients of the two groups were matched for sex, age, and years of education. A total of 38 patients were included in this study, of which 19 patients entered the anxiety group and 19 entered the non-anxiety group. Four patients were excluded, two of which were found obvious demyelinating lesions, and the other 2 patients’ image quality could not meet the analysis standards.
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Therefore, we conducted CBF research based on ASL to explore the cerebral perfusion pattern of anxiety associated with pulmonary nodules, blood perfusion status and mode of pulmonary nodule anxiety induced state, so as to contribute to a more comprehension of its neuroimaging phenotype and provide the basis and possibility for exploring new and more effective intervention measures.įrom March 2021 to September 2021, 42 patients with unconfirmed pulmonary nodules from the Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University underwent MRI. However, no study has researched the changes of CBF in anxiety of patients with pulmonary nodules. In recent years, CBF is closely related to normal brain function, so it has attracted much attention in the research of brain function, and may provide a large amount of brain physiological information ( Liang et al., 2013), particularly in neurological and psychiatric disorders ( Cui et al., 2017a, b Yu et al., 2021 Chen et al., 2022 Hu et al., 2022 Wang et al., 2022). Arterial spinal labeling (ASL) is a imaging method with greater reliability over blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) that can measure the regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) quantitatively ( Tuite, 2017). The cerebral perfusion is fundamental for the function of brain, and perfusion imaging can be used to indirectly or directly understand these changes. The neuroimaging, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may provide critical information for understanding the disease. But the neural basis of anxiety in patients with pulmonary nodules is still complex and vague. Previous studies show the incidence of anxiety in patients with pulmonary nodules ranges from 39.8 to 59.3% ( Freiman et al., 2016 Li L. However, the vast majority of pulmonary nodules are benign ( Fan et al., 2019 Lin et al., 2019), individuals with which may experience psychological harm as a result of a “near-cancer” diagnosis ( Slatore and Wiener, 2018 Li L. As the increasing number of people undergo LDCT screening, millions of people are found to have pulmonary nodules every year ( Slatore and Wiener, 2018). Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has been widely recommended to screen lung cancer for high risk adults ( Zhou et al., 2018), and lung cancer mortality and overall mortality might decrease by 20 and 6.7%, respectively ( Aberle et al., 2011).
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Currently, pulmonary nodules have become a non-negligible somatic disease of anxiety. Psychological abnormalities caused by somatic diseases can lead to damage to social functions that required timely intervention. Somatic and mental disorders are inextricably linked ( Wang et al., 2019). The somatic diseases highly related to anxiety mainly include neurological diseases, non-cardiac chest pain, diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. In recent years, the proportion of patients with somatic diseases accompanied by anxiety disorders has increased significantly. According to the clinical manifestations and pathogenesis, it mainly includes generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobia (animal, natural environment and blood-injection-injury, etc.), panic disorder, anxiety disorders due to another medical condition, etc. Anxiety disorder is a group of mental disorders that mainly manifested by pathological anxiety symptoms.